I. INTRODUCTION: ARBITRATIONN IN PORTUGAL – HISTORY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

A. History and Current Legislation on Arbitration 

1. Historical evolution of the law relating to Arbitration

2. Current Law

a) Distinction between national and international arbitration

3. Law reform projects

4. Confidentiality and publication of awards 

a) Publication of awards

b) Practice of publication – where?

B. Arbitration infrastructure and practice in Portugal 

1. Major arbitration institutions 

2. Development of arbitration compared with Litigation 

II. CURRENT LAW AND PRACTICE

A. Arbitration agreement

1. Types and validity of agreement

a) Clauses and submission agreements

b) Minimum essential content

c) Form requirements

d) Incorporation by reference

e) Interpretation

2. Enforcing arbitration agreements

a) Declaratory actions in court

b) Legal remedies and proceedings to enforce an arbitration agreement

3. Effects on third parties

4. Termination and breach

A. Separability

B. Jurisdiction 

1. Competence-Competence

2. Interaction of national courts and tribunals

C. Arbitrability

1. Subjective arbitrability

a) Natural persons

b) Legal persons

c) State and state entities

2. Objective Arbitrability

D. Arbitral Tribunal 

1. Status and qualifications of arbitrators

a) Number of arbitrators

b) Legal status

c) Qualifications and accreditation requirements

2. Appointment of arbitrators

a) Methods of appointment

b) Appointing authorities

c) Effect of the refusal of one party to co-operate in the constitution of the arbitral tribunal

d) Resignation and its consequences

3. Challenge and replacement of arbitrators 

a) Grounds, procedure and deadlines for challenging an arbitrator

b) Replacement of arbitrators

4. Arbitrator liability and immunity 

a) Duties and liabilities of arbitrators regarding the conduct of the proceedings

b) Possibility to restrict or exclude the arbitrators’ liability

E. Conducting the Arbitration

1. Law governing procedure 

a) Notion and role of seat of arbitration

b) Methods for selection of seat absent party choice

c) Mandatory rules of procedure

2. Conduct of arbitration 

a) Party autonomy and arbitrators’ power to determine procedure

b) Tribunal’s power to issue procedural orders

c) Oral hearing or proceeding on basis of written documents

d) Distinction of matters of substance and matters of procedure

e) Submissions and notifications

f) Legal representation

3. Taking of evidence

a) Admissibility

b) Burden of proof

c) Standards of proof

d) Documentary evidence and privilege

e) Witnesses

f) Experts

4. Interim measures of protection

a) Types of measures

b) Security for costs

c) Enforcement mechanisms

5. Interaction between national courts and arbitration tribunals 

a) Court assistance before the arbitration begins

b) Court assistance during the arbitration

6. Multiparty, multi-action and multi-contract Arbitration 

a) Consolidation of arbitration

b) Joinder of third parties

c) Multiparty situations

7. Law and rules of law applicable to the merits 

a) Party autonomy

b) Determination by arbitrators

c) Non-national substantive rules, general principles of law and transnational rules

d) Applicable substantive law absence a choice of law by the parties

8. Costs

a) Arbitration costs

b) Legal fees

c) Security for costs

d) Costs of the administration by an arbitration institution

e) Arbitrators’ fees: law and practice, judicial control

f) Time and form of the decision on costs

9. Effect of the insolvency of a party 

F. Arbitration Award 

1. Types of award

a) Partial awards

b) Final awards

c) Interim awards

d) Consent awards

e) Default awards

2. Form requirements

a) Essential content

b) Reasons

c) Time limits for making award

d) Notification to parties and registration

e) Necessity to specify place and time where and when the award was made

3. Decision making 

a) Majority or Consensus?

b) Dissenting and concurring opinions

c) Signature

4. Settlement 

a) Settlement recorded in an award

b) Settlement without an award

5. Correction, supplementation and amendment 

a) Correcting the award

b) Interpretation of award

G. Challenge and Other Actions against the Award

1. Setting aside

a) Grounds

b) Time limits

c) Procedure

d) Effects of successful challenge

e) Appeal against the court’s decision to set

aside or not set aside the award

f) Possibility of the parties to exclude, limit

or expand actions for setting aside

2. Appeal on the merits

a) Is it allowed?

b) Excluding the right to appeal by agreement

III. RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF AWARDS

A. Domestic Awards

1. Statutory or other regimes

a) Formal requirement for enforcement of awards

b) Enforcement Procedure

B. Foreign awards 

1. Various regulatory regimes 

a) Domestic rules

b) New York Convention

c) Specific bilateral or multilateral treaties

d) Existence of a standard procedure for the enforcement of foreign awards

e) Extent of examination and review of the award by the court

2. Distinction between recognition and Enforcement 

3. Application of New York Convention by local courts

a) Adhesion

b) Reservations

c) Impact on Domestic Legislation

d) Application of the Convention by Courts

e) Procedure

f) Examples of decisions which do not apply the Convention correctly

IV. APPENDICES AND RELEVANT INSTRUMENTS 

A. National Legislation

B. Major Arbitration Institutions 

C. Cases

D. Bibliography