The Exercise of Contract Freedom in the Making of Arbitration Agreements - Chapter 12 - Carbonneau on International Arbitration: Collected Essays
Originally from Carbonneau on International Arbitration: Collected Essays
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I. INTRODUCTION: CONTRACT’S EMPIRE IN ARBITRATION
A universal principle of contemporary arbitration law is that contract plays a vital role in the governance of arbitration.1 The vitality of that role can vary by legal system, court, statute, or treaty.2 Nonetheless, party agreement often provides the most significant rules for regulating arbitrations and conducting arbitral proceedings.3 This is especially true in international commercial arbitration. There, the lack of a functional transborder legislative and adjudicatory process made contract the principal source of law for international commercial transactions and arbitrations. Although law-making is more possible within individual national legal systems, the rule of contract freedom is also firmly established in matters of domestic arbitration.4 Within legal systems, contract’s empire is founded upon a different rationale: in court doctrine, it serves to legitimate the privatization of adjudication by underscoring arbitration’s ostensibly voluntary character.5 Freedom of contract, therefore, is at the very core of how the law regulates arbitration. What the contracting parties provide in their agreement generally becomes the controlling law.